| 28 aprili - 4 maisi
rodesac qvebi aRaRaddebian
samaxsovro muxli
`rwmeniT uari Tqva mosem, roca wamoizarda, faraonis asulis Zed wodebuliyo. da RvTis xalxTan tanjva amjobina warmaval, codvian gancxromas~. ebraelTa 11:24,25
am kviraSi Sesaswavlad waikiTxeT: esaia 20:1; naumi 3:2-7; luka 19:40; ebraelTa 11:24-27; ioane 20:24-31.
ZiriTadi azri
arqeologia mTavar rols asrulebs Zveli aRTqmis simarTlis damtkicebaSi.
me-19 saukunis dsawyisSi biblias sastikad epaeqrebodnen sxvadasxva wyaroebi. samwuxarod yvelaze metad am paeqrobaSi CarTulni iyvnen TviT bibliis mkvlevarni, romlnic amtkicebdnen, rom Cven ar SegviZlia vendoT am wigns da masSi gadmocemul istoriul movlenebs. daiwyes yvelanairi Teoriis SemoTavazeba, romelTa meSveobiTac cdilobdnen aexsnaT bibliis warmoSoba. da Tumca isini gansxvavdeboda erTmaneTisagan, erTi didi faqtori aerTianebda maT: yvela es Teoria amcirebda bibliis Rirsebas. magram sainteresoa is, rom rodesac Setevebma Tavis apogeas miaRwies, arqeologebma gasaocari aRmoCena gaakeTes da provokaciul SekiTxvebze TandaTan gaCnda pasuxebi.
`warsuli aRmoCenebis naTelSi~, _ werda bibliis sayovelTaod cnobili mkvlevari, _ `SeiZleba movelodeT, rom arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad moZiebuli monapovari momavalSic daadasturebs bibliis teqstis utyuarobas~ (Edwin Yamauchi. The Stone and the Scriptures, gv. 168).
am kviraSi Cven ganvixilavT ramodenime arqeologiur aRmoCenas da imas Tu rogor pasuxoben isini bibliis mopaeqreebs.
kviradRe 29 aprili
rwmena da arqeologia
`Tqven geubnebiT, eseni rom dadumdnen, qvebi iRaRadeben~ (luk. 19:40).
Tumca albaT ieso ar gulisxmobda arqeologias, rodesac zemoTaRniSnul sityvebs warmoTqvamda, magram dRes isini SeiZleba mecnierebasac mivakuTvnoT. mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi iseTema arqeologiurma aRmoCenebma, rogoricaa (rozetis qva?) da (bexistunuri warwera?) mniSvnelovanwilad Seuwyo xeli bibliuri moTxrobis damowmebas.
Tumca ar Rirs daeyrdnoT mxolod Cvens sityvebs. waikiTxeT, ras weren amis Sesaxeb TviTon arqeologebi: SesaZloa meoce aswleulis yvelaze cnobili arqeologi aris eqimi u. f. olbraiti, romelmac Tqva: `ar SeiZleba arsebobdes raime eWvi imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom arqeologiam daadastura Zveli aRTqmis teqstis istoriuli realoba~ (Archaeology and the Religion of Israel, gv. 176).
miler brousi: `mTlianobaSi, arqeologiurma samuSaoebma gaauqma yvela SekiTxva rac dakavSirebuli iyo wminda werilTan da ganamtkica misi teqstisadmi ndoba. araerT arqeologs gamouTqvams Tavisi mokrZalebuli damokidebuleba bibliisadmi, romelic palestinaSi Catarebuli gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmocenda~ (What Mean These Stones? gv. 1).
k. a. qiTCeni: `mTlianobaSi, rodesac vsaubrobT saimedoobaze... Zvelma aRTqmam amaSi gvaCvena Tavisi sruli safuZvlianoba, Tu mis wyaroebs da mwerlebs ganvixilavT samarTlianad da miukerZoeblad~ (On the Reliability of the Old Testament, gv. 500).
raoden lamazadac ar unda JRerdes es da sxva sityvebi, Cveni rwmena ar unda davafuZnoT arqeologiaze, radgan rogorc sxva disciplinebi, isic adamianuri Zalisxmevis Sedegia. adamianebi iZulebulni arian komentari gaakeTon arsebul mowmobaze da amitom yovelTvis aris subieqturobis elementi. aseve hkiTxeT sakuTar Tavs: `ra xdeba rodesac vinme gaTxris Sedegad aRmoaCens raimes, ra mas zogierTi mkvlevari warmogvidgens ise rom igi ewinaaRmdegeba bibliur moTxrobas~? da Tumca kargia, rodesac arqeologiuri gamokvlevebi emTxveva imas risic Cven gvwams, Cveni rwmena mainc ar unda iyos dafuZnebuli qvebsa da werilebze, aramed ieso qristeSi gacxadebul RmerTis aRTqmebze.
waikiTxeT ioan. 20:24-31. ra principi aris aq gacxadebuli, romelsac kavSiri aqvs Cvens iesosadmi rwmenasTan? mocemuli moTxroba rogor (gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcieT 29-e muxls) gvexmareba SevimecnoT ra aris rwmena?
orSabaTi 30 aprili
zogierTi winaswarmetyvelebis damowmeba
rogorc cnobilia, bibliaSi aris mravali winaswarmetyveleba da maTgan bevri ukve aRsrulda. kargi iqneba Tu dRes Cven ukan warsulSi gavixedebiT da SevxedavT arqeologiur damowmebas _ rom winaswarmetyvelebebi aRsulda ise rogorc bibliaSi iyo naTqvami.
magaliTad, ninevia aSuris dedaqalaqi, ZalisxmeviT aRsavse Tavisi didebis mwvervalze imyofeboda. is erT-erTi msoflio centri iyo. iqidan miemarTebodnen mefis moadgileni, raTa emarTaT es uzarmazari imperia, romelic vrceldeboda sparseTidan da arabeTidan aRmosavleTiT xmelTaSua zRvis mwvane napirebamde, dasavleTiT da samxreTiT eTiopiis sazRvrebamde, CrdiloeTiT Sav zRvamde. miuxedavad amisa biblia ambobda, rom am samefos ar uweria marad arseboba.
naum winaswarmetyvelis Tanaxmad ra eloda am didebul qalaqs? ix. naum. 3:2-7.
midielTa da babilonelTa gaerTianebulma jarma aiRo qalaqi ninevia Cv.w.aR-mde 612w.. sasaxleebi dawves, taZrebi daangries da mZlavri simagreebi daamxes.
waikiTxeT es. 13:19-22. ra xvedri iyo ganmzadebuli kidev erTi didebuli samefosaTvis babilonisaTvis?
ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi mimdinare arqeologiurma gaTxrebma gvaCvena, rom Tavis droze babiloni marTlac didebuli qalaqi iyo. garda sxva danarCenisa aRmoCenil iqna:
- kedeli romelic gars ertya qalaqs, is sigrZiT 11 mili da siganiT 85 futi iyo;
- bevri karibWe da maT Soris qalRmerT iStaris karibWec, romelic gakeTebuli iyo moxatuli agurisagan. maTze gamosaxuli iyo 575 drakoni da xari, aseve 120 lomi;
- nabuqodonosoris mefurad morTuli sasaxle sabanketo darbaziT da sataxto oTaxiT, romelic 57 futi siganis da 168 futi sigrZis iyo. magram miuxedavad arsebuli didebulebisa, rac arqeologiurma gaTxrebmac daadastura, dRes babilonisagan mxolod nangrevebi darCa.
babiloni dangreulia? ninevia nangrevebad aris qceuli? es igivea dRes viRacam rom Tqvas, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi daingrevao. vxedavT Tu ara am movlenebis meSveobiT ramdenad swrafwarmavalia yvelaferi miwieri? ras unda ekavos pirveli adgili Cvens cxovrebaSi?
samSabaTi 1 maisi
ufro meti damowmeba
waikiTxeT Semdegi muxlebi: dab. 15:20; gamo. 3:8; ieso. 1:4; 3 mef. 10:29; da 2 neSt. 1:17. romeli eri aris naxsenebi am muxlebSi?
es mxolod ramdenime magaliTia im mravalTagan, rodesac bibliaSi moixsenieba xeTi. Tumca mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi amas aRiqvamdnen, rogorc imis damowmebas, rom istoriuli TvalsazrisiT ar SeiZleboda bibliis ndoba. ratom? imitom rom arc erTi sxva uZvelesi wyaro ar miuTiTebda xeTelebze. amgvarad, zogierTi adamiani sxva wyaroebis ararsebobas ganixilavda rogorc bibliis arasaimedoobis damamtkicebel sabuTs. xeTelebi iTvlebodnen miTiur erad an saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi Zalzed mcirericxovan tomad, romelic erTi an ori soflis farglebSi eteoda. magram arqeologiuri aRmoCenebis wyalobiT, CvenTvis cnobilia, rom iyo dro, rodesac xeTelebi marTavdnen mcire aziis did nawils, dawyebuli xmelTaSua zRvidan evfratis mdinareebamde da misi Zalaufleba ara nakleb mniSvnelovani iyo vidre aSuris an egviptis Zalaufleba. mxolod, rodesac imperiam Sewyvita Tavisi arseboba daaxloebiT Cv.w.aR-mde 1200w. misi istoria sabolood dasrulda, Tumca darCa patara qalaqebi _ saxelmwifoebi. qvebi kidev erTxel aRaRaddnen da daamowmes bibliis teqstis sizuste.
damowmeba hpova sxva bibliurma Canawermac, romelSic saubaria israelsa da moabs Soris urTierTdamokidebulebaze. rogor warmogvidgens biblia am urTierTobebs? 4 mef. 3:4-27.
mkvdari zRvis aRmosavleTiT mdebare patara sofelSi napovni iyo moabis qva, romelzec mefe meSeis mier amokveTili iyo warwera. is saubrobs israeli eris mier moabelTa Cagvraze, rogorc bibliaSia aRwerili. axla es qva parizSi luvris muzeumSi inaxeba da did faseulobad iTvleba, vinaidan masze amotvifruli damwerloba TiTqmis ar gansxvavdeba Zvel ebrauli enisagan. es warwera gakeTebuli iyo Cv.w.aR-mde daaxloebiT 850 wels.
davuSvaT rom aravis arasodes ar upovia aranairi moabis qva. ar aris rTuli imis warmodgena Tu ras amboben kritikosebi: `o! kidev erTi mtkicebuleba imisa, rom biblia ar imsaxurebs ndobas~, _ iseve rogorc odesRac isini xeTelTa Sesaxeb akeTebdnen ganacxads. ra gakveTilebi SegviZlia gamovitanoT imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu raze unda davafuZnoT an ar unda davafuZnoT Cveni rwmena?
oTxSabaTi 2 maisi
ebla da sxva aRmoCenebi
kidev erT niSvnelovan aRmoCenad iqca 1970 wels siriis qalaq eblaSi napovni eblas firfitebi, (Tel marduki). es iyo Tixis firfitebis mTeli biblioTeka, romelTagan daaxloebiT 15, 000 TariRdeba Cv.w.aR-mde 2300 w-dan. eblas firfitebi `dRes yvelaze ufro faseulad iTvleba Zveli istoriis da adreuli istoriuli konteqstis Sesaswavlad, romelSic bibliuri movlenebi viTardeboda, vidre romelime sxva arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenili monapovari~ (Thomson Chain Reference Bible, gv. 1653, 1654).
waikiTxeT es. 20:1. romel mefezea am muxlSi saubari?
wlebis ganmavlobaSi, mtkicdeboda, rom aseTi mefe arasodes yofila da amitom biblias ar SeiZleba vendoT. magram 1840-ian wlebSi arqeologebma ipoves sasaxle qandakebebiT da warweriT, romelSic naTqvami iyo sargonis, aSuris mefis Sesaxeb. arqeologiam kidev erTxel daamtkica bibliuri teqstis sizuste.
rogori tragikuli sikvdiliT daasrula sicocxle aSuris mefe senaxeribma, romelic taxtze sargonis Semdeg avida? 4 mef. 19:36, 37.
sakmaod sainteresoa is faqti, rom gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenil aSurul warweraSi naTqvamia _ tibetis Tvis meoce dRes senaxeribi, aSuris mefe moklul iqna maxviliT Tavisi Svilis mier mowyobili amboxebisas.
1901-1902 wlebSi SuSanSi napovnma xamurapis kanonis krebulma da nuzaSi (Nuzi) Catarebulma gaTxrebma gvaCvena, rom patriarqebis zogierTi qmedeba, iseTebi rogoricaa _ sarais mier abraamisaTvis Tavisi mxevlis SeTavazeba (dab. 16:1-3), pirmSoobis gayidva sakvebze (dab. 25:33) da qaliSvilis mier mxevlis miReba (dab. 29:24, 29) uZveles samyaroSi iyo sayovelTaod miRebuli praqtika.
Cven arqeologiis, istoriis da mecnierebis madlierni unda viyoT, radgan isini adastureben Cvens rwmenas. amav dros, ebr. 11:1-is Tanaxmad ris Sesaxeb unda gvaxsovdes?
xuTSabaTi 3 maisi
meti naTeli
waikiTxeT ebr. 11:24-27. am muxlebis Tanaxmad ra miatova mosem Tavisi RmerTis gamo?
ra SesaZlebel faseulobebze Tqva uari mosem? 1922 wels hovard karterma aRmoaCina tutanxamonis akldama, romelic Cv.w.aR-mde me-14 saukuneSi cxovrobda. karteris aRmoCena gvexmareba ukeT gavigoT moses istoria da egvipturi saganZuris mTeli simdidre. kairos muzeumSi tutanxamonis akldamaSi 1700-ze meti nivTia napovni. maT Soris aris sufTa oqrosgan gakeTebuli samefo niRabi, mkvdarTa oqros etli, 143 Zvirfasi qva da sxva mravali Zvirfasi samkauli. mxolod erTi akldama gvaognebs imiT, rom udris milionobiT dolars. da unda SegaxsenoT, rom es mxolod faraonis erTi akldamaa. magram bibliis Tanaxmad, mosem miatova es auareba simdidre mxolod imis gamo, rom `vinaidan... TiTqos uxilavs xedavso~ (ebr. 11:27).
zigfrid xornma Tqva, rom tutanxamonis aRmoCenili akldama aseve pasuxobs bibliis kritikosebs, romelnic amtkiceben, rom ieso naves Zis da msajulTa wignSi Caweril istoriebSi naxsenebi rkina aris udavo mtkicebuleba imisa, rom es wignebi daiwera gacilebiT gvian, vinaidan iTvleba, rom rkina ar gamoiyeneboda me-12 saukunemde Cv.w.aR-mde. Tumca mefe tutanxamonis akldamaSi napovni rkinis nivTebi gviCvenebs kritikosebis Teoriis usafuZvlobas da amtkicebs, rom jer kidev maSin rkinis nivTebi gamoiyeneboda~ (The Spade Confirms the Book, gv. 121). es aRmoCena bibliuri moTxrobis istoriuli sizustis kidev erTi damamtkicebeli sabuTia.
waikiTxeT 1 mef. 15:2, 3. risi gakeTeba ubrZana RmerTma israelianebs?
bevri aseT muxlebze brkoldeba. magram wlidan wlamde arqeologia sul ufro met naTels hfenda, rac gvexmareba ukeT gavigoT momxdari movlenebi. zogierTi arqeologi amtkicebs, rom qanaanelTa religia sisxlmowyurebuli da metismetad sastikia, qanaanelebs ubiZgebda Zaladobisaken da bilwi qmedebebisaken. Tu es simarTlea, maSin gasagebia, ratom iyenebda RmerTi israelianebs maTze samsjavros aRsasruleblad. im droisaTvis dab. 15:16 gvicxadebs princips, romlis meSveobiTac SegviZlia ukeT gavigoT Tu ra xdeboda iq.
ratom aris esoden mniSvnelovani vendobodeT RmerTs da gvwamdes misi sikeTis, miuxedavad imisa, rom arsebobs muxlebi, romelTa Semecnebac CvenTvis sakmaod rTulia mag. 1 mef. 15:2, 3? gaixseneT Tqveni cxovrebidan magaliTebi, rodesac RmerTi Tqvens mimarT avlenda siyvaruls, iyo gulmowyale da mimtevebeli. sTxoveT RmerTs moganiWoT rwmena, miuxedavad imisa, rom Tqven raRac ar gesmiT an Zalzed rTulia TqvenTvis Sesamecneblad.
paraskevi 4 maisi
Semdgomi gamokvlevebisaTvis
meSvide dRis qristian adventistTa bibliuri komentarebi. `arqeologia da uZvelesi drois istoriis aRdgena~, tomi 1, gv. 99-132.
`skepticizmi, romelic arsebobs uZveles werilebTan mimarTebaSi, umetes SemTxvevaSi sruliad safuZvlianad Seexo bibliis werilebsac. mravali adamiani fiqrobda, rom bibliuri Canawerebi am samyaros uZvelesi istoriis Sesaxeb da aseve naxsenebi patriarqebi, winaswarmetyvelebi, msajulebi da mefeebi umetes SemTxvevaSi iyvnen legendebi, sxva uZvelesi gmirebis msgavsad, romelnic CvenTvis berZnuli da laTinuri literaturidan arian cnobilni. mecxramete saukunis yvelaze cnobili istorikosebi da RvTismetyvelebi, ufro met undoblobas avlendnen bibliuri istoriis mimarT da saxeldebodnen bibliis yvelaze mZvinvare kritikosTa Soris~.
`axali (meoce) aswleulis dadgmomasTan erTad msgavsi damokidebuleba mniSvnelovnad Seicvala. dRes Zveli aRTqmis, masSi arsebuli moTxrobebis da swavlebis mimarT gacilebiT meti pativiscema vlindeba, romelic ramdenime aTeuli wlis win gaxda SesamCnevi. bibliisadmi adamianTa aseT damokidebulebas yvelaze metad xeli Seuwyo axlo aRmosavleTSi Catarebuli gamokvlevebis Sedegebma~.
`uZveles civilizaciaze arqeologiis meSveobiT mofenil naTelSi Zveli aRTqma gvevlineba istoriuli TvalsazrisiT ara mxolod saimedo wyarod, aramed unikalur wignad im movlenaTa, Zalis da ideebis gamo, romlebsac is moicavs, uZvelesi samyaros saukeTeso qmnilebebTan SedarebiT~ (meSvide dRis qristian adventistTa bibliuri komentarebi, tomi 1, gv. 100).
kiTxvebi msjelobisaTvis
- imsjeleT jgufSi RmerTisadmi rwmenis sakiTxze. ra aris rwmena? saidan momdinareos is? ra aiZulebs adamianebs dakargon is? ra roli SeiZleba Seasrulos arqeologiam Cvens rwmenaSi? amav dros Cven ratom ar unda gavamaxviloT masze yuradReba Zlier an romelime sxva disciplinaze, magaliTad mecnierebaze? ra SegviZlia gavakeToT, raTa davexmaroT erTamenTs rwmenis gantkicebaSi?
- davuSvaT, rom xeTebis arsebobis damamtkicebeli sabuTi ar yofiliyo napovni. kritikosebi kvlav gamoiyenebdnen amas bibliis sawinaaRmdegod, miuxedavad im faqtisa, rom xeTebi marTlac arsebobdnen. sxva sityvebiT, rom vTqvaT, is rom Tu Cven ar gvaqvs raime damamtkicebeli sabuTi ar niSnavs, rom raRac ar aris WeSmariteba. ra gakveTilebi SegviZlia viswavloT am magaliTidan imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu raze unda davafuZnoT Cveni rwmena da raze ar Rirs misi dafuZneba?
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